{"id":11772,"date":"2019-02-26T13:28:03","date_gmt":"2019-02-26T11:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icdp.ro\/?page_id=11772"},"modified":"2024-05-03T13:08:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T10:08:37","slug":"mentinerea-si-exploatarea-biodiversitatii-pomicole","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icdp.ro\/ro\/cercetare\/genetica-si-ameliorare\/mentinerea-si-exploatarea-biodiversitatii-pomicole\/","title":{"rendered":"Men\u021binerea \u0219i exploatarea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii pomicole"},"content":{"rendered":"

IDENTIFICAREA, COLECTAREA, CONSERVAREA, STUDIUL \u015eI UTILIZAREA GERMOPLASMEI DE M\u0102R, P\u0102R, PRUN, CIRE\u015e \u015eI VI\u015eIN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obiective <\/u><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. organizarea \u0219i reorganizarea colec\u0163iilor \u201eex situ<\/em>\u201d;<\/li>\n
  2. p\u0103strarea materialului biologic la poten\u0163ialul biologic al genotipurilor \u015fi conservarea biodiversit\u0103\u0163ii;<\/li>\n
  3. completarea permanent\u0103 cu specii \u0219i soiuri din \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i str\u0103in\u0103tate;<\/li>\n
  4. evaluarea \u00eensu\u015firilor agronomice;<\/li>\n
  5. identificarea de genitori pentru programele de ameliorare \u00een func\u021bie de obiectivele generale \u0219i specifice;<\/li>\n
  6. crearea \u0219i actualizarea bazei de date.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Realiz\u0103ri \u00een domeniu<\/u><\/p>\n

    a) Inventarierea accesiunilor din colec\u0163ii.<\/strong> Banca de gene din cadrul acestui laborator cuprinde: 594 soiuri de m\u0103r, 196 soiuri de p\u0103r, 11 de gutui, 440 de prun, 176 de cire\u015f \u015fi 144 de vi\u015fin (Tabel 1). Aceast\u0103 bog\u0103\u0163ie genetic\u0103, adev\u0103rat tezaur na\u0163ional, este recunoscut \u015fi apreciat la nivel interna\u0163ional, cele mai multe genotipuri fiind \u00eenregistrate \u00een cataloagele europene (Catalog EURISCO), iar speciali\u0219tii rom\u00e2ni sunt coopta\u0163i \u00een grupurile de lucru IPGRI Malus<\/em>\/Pyrus<\/em> \u0219i Prunus<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Situa\u0163ia fodului de germoplasm\u0103 din cadrul Laboratorului de Genetic\u0103 \u015fi Ameliorare<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nr. crt.<\/strong><\/td>\nSpecia<\/strong><\/td>\nNr. total de accesii <\/strong><\/td>\nNr. specii<\/strong><\/td>\nNr. soiuri autohtone<\/strong><\/td>\nNr. soiuri str\u0103ine<\/strong><\/td>\nNr. soiuri evaluate<\/strong><\/td>\nAnul \u00eenfiin\u0163\u0103rii<\/strong><\/td>\nSuprafa\u0163a (ha)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u0103r<\/td>\n594<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n73<\/td>\n521<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n2010<\/td>\n1,30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/strong><\/td>\nP\u0103r<\/td>\n196<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n67<\/td>\n129<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n2009<\/td>\n0,38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3<\/strong><\/td>\nGutui<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n0,05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4<\/strong><\/td>\nPrun<\/td>\n440<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n172<\/td>\n268<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n2019
    \n2020
    \n2021<\/td>\n    		1,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5<\/strong><\/td>\nCire\u015f<\/td>\n176<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n43<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n117<\/td>\n2013<\/td>\n1,54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6<\/strong><\/td>\nVi\u015fin<\/td>\n144<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n54<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n54<\/td>\n2010<\/td>\n0,65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
     <\/strong><\/td>\nTotal<\/strong><\/td>\n1.561<\/strong><\/td>\n27<\/strong><\/td>\n416<\/strong><\/td>\n1.145<\/strong><\/td>\n655<\/strong><\/td>\n <\/strong><\/td>\n5,52<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    b) Crearea, prezervarea \u015fi men\u0163inerea resursei genetice:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                – \u00cenfiin\u0163area colec\u0163iilor de pomi fructiferi (m\u0103r – 594 accesii, p\u0103r – 196 accesii, gutui – 11, prun 440, cire\u015f \u2013 176 \u015fi vi\u015fin – 144);
    \n            – \u00cembog\u0103\u0163irea fondului de germoplasm\u0103 cu noi soiuri str\u0103ine (din Republica Belarus, Bulgaria, Letonia, Serbia, Cehia, Republica Moldova, Germania \u015fi Fran\u0163a);
    \n            – Prezervarea \u015fi men\u0163inerea poten\u0163ialului biologic al speciilor, 1.561 genotipuri, care ocup\u0103 suprafa\u0163a de \u200b\u200b5,52 ha.<\/p>\n

    c) Evaluarea accesiilor pe baza descriptorilor IPGRI, Roma \u015fi UPOV (pentru armonizarea datelor conform practicilor metodologice U.E):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                – Evaluarea unui num\u0103r de 655 genotipuri urm\u0103rind caracterele utile programelor de ameliorare;
    \n            – Alegerea de genitori poten\u0163iali pentru activitatea de ameliorare \u015fi \u00eentocmirea unor liste cu genitori de caracter recomanda\u0163i (rezisten\u0163\u0103 la stress biotic \u015fi abiotic, calitate, productivitate, autofertilitatea, etc.);<\/p>\n

                – Organizarea de expozi\u0163ii, degust\u0103ri de fructe \u015fi vizite \u00een colec\u0163iile pomologice;
    \n            – Completarea bazei de date europene \u015fi na\u0163ionale prin introducerea accesiilor evaluate.<\/p>\n

    Cercet\u0103tori<\/strong> <\/u><\/p>\n

    Dr.ing. M\u0103d\u0103lina Butac<\/a> \u2013 prun, cire\u015f \u015fi vi\u015fin (madalinabutac@yahoo.com<\/a>)
    \n    Dr. biolog M\u0103d\u0103lina Militaru<\/a> \u2013 m\u0103r \u015fi p\u0103r (madamilitaru77@yahoo.com<\/a>)
    \n    Drd.ing. Eugenia Mare\u0219i <\/a> \u2013 m\u0103r \u015fi p\u0103r (genimaresi@gmail.com<\/a>)
    \n    Drd.biolog Adelina Stan<\/a> \u2013 m\u0103r \u015fi p\u0103r (adelinastan@yahoo.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n